Fumigation Procedures as a Critical Node in Export Logistics Performance: Evidence from Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya

Abstract

Fumigation is normally discussed as a phytosanitary compliance activity, but in export operations its duration, documentation, and coordination can directly determine logistics reliability. This study analyzes how fumigation procedures implemented by PT Prana Argentum Corporation in the Tanjung Perak Port logistics environment affect export lead time and contribute to logistics performance. The research used a descriptive qualitative design conducted from February to July 2025. Primary evidence was obtained through field observation and semi-structured interviews with key fumigation and logistics personnel at operational, supervisory, and managerial levels, while secondary evidence was drawn from company documentation and relevant literature. Data were analyzed through qualitative reduction, display, interpretation, and triangulation across interviews, observations, documents, and theoretical perspectives. The findings show that fumigation is an integrated sequence consisting of document and commodity verification, site and equipment preparation, sealing and fumigant application, exposure monitoring, aeration or gas clearance, and certification. The process requires a substantial time allocation and must therefore be embedded in shipment planning before port closing time. Delay risks arise from incomplete documents, schedule changes, weather, limited treatment space and equipment, transporter or port congestion, and weak inter-organizational coordination. Properly planned fumigation reduces cargo rejection and re-treatment risk, supports customs and quarantine document readiness, limits demurrage and storage exposure, and strengthens buyer confidence. The study proposes early scheduling, adequate buffer time, service-level agreements, vendor and resource readiness, routine training, and integrated digital monitoring as practical mechanisms for improving fumigation-integrated export logistics.